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What are the Different Kinds of Solar Charge Controllers?
If a solar power system involves the use of batteries, it will also require a solar charge controller. Their function is to control the power moving from the solar panels to the batteries. When overcharged, the life of a battery is shortened, and a good charge controller will prevent this from happening. Go to solar power battery for more in solar interesting facts|info|information about solar power batteries.
Although there are several different kinds of charge controllers, the basic function they have in common is to stop the charging process once the voltage in a battery reaches a certain level. Previously, charge controllers often had mechanical relays, which opened and closed the circuit.
Eventually, pulse width modulation (PWM) became the norm for the charge controlling mechanism. This is a method by which the amount of power supplied to a battery is reduced gradually as the battery reaches maximum charge. In addition to decreasing the stress on the batteries caused by the charging process, PWM keeps them more fully charged, making them more efficient for the user. PWM charge controllers may also be used to keep batteries in a fully charged state indefinitely. PWM also has the added benefit of not having any breakable mechanical connections.
The most advanced type of solar charge controller uses maximum power point tracking, or MPPT. The main benefit of MPPT controllers is their ability to convert extra voltage into amperage. This makes a real difference in a couple of ways.
Most solar power systems use 12 volt batteries, not unlike the ones used in cars, but these features work regardless of voltage. Charging the batteries usually requires less voltage than what most solar panels actually provide. When the excess voltage is converted into amps, the charge voltage remains at an optimal level, while the time required to fully charge the batteries is reduced. This improves the overall performance of a solar power system.
An MPPT charge controller will also largely eliminate the amount of power loss within a solar power system. As low-voltage electricity moves along wires, it can experience high levels of loss, reducing the efficiency of the system. The level of voltage generally differs in accordance with specifics within the system. MPPT controllers are capable of making use of much higher voltage. This means that MPPT controllers see less loss.
MPPT charge controllers are generally more expensive than older ones, but the upgrade is substantial. They’re highly recommended for this reason. Preventing reverse-current flow is another ability which some modern charge controllers possess. During those times when solar panels aren’t producing electricity, such as at night, electricity can sometimes start to flow away from the batteries to the solar panels. This type of power loss can also make a serious dent in the overall efficiency of a solar power system. At these times, a charge controller will open the circuit, preventing any power from being transferred back to the solar panels.
Many people are aware that solar chargers are a good alternative to non-renewable energy sources, but not everyone is familiar with how easy they are to build. Visit 12 volt solar charger if you need to know more about the 12 volt solar charger.
Is it possible to build a solar panel for under $200? If you want to know the answer, take a look at this guide Homemade Energy Review. In this guide, you will get specific instructions on what is best to build based on the size of your house and your location. You will also get step-by-step diagrams on how to build your own solar power system.
HorizonRC.com How-To: Monitor Your Main Battery's Voltage with Spektrum Telemetry
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